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Business. Capital. Growth. Wednesday, 11 November 2026
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Entrepreneurship

Delayed payments to small businesses: what the 45-day rule changed

A tax rule now links a buyer's deduction for purchases to paying registered micro and small suppliers on time.

Finance Desk (Demo) · 1 min read

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Delayed payments to small businesses: what the 45-day rule changed

A tax rule now links a buyer's deduction for purchases to paying registered micro and small suppliers on time.

Late payment is one of the biggest problems facing India’s micro and small enterprises, which often supply larger companies on credit and wait months to be paid.

The rules

Under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, buyers must pay registered micro and small suppliers within the period agreed in writing, which cannot exceed 45 days, or within 15 days where there is no agreement. Late payments attract compound interest at three times the bank rate notified by the RBI.

The tax link

From financial year 2023-24, Section 43B(h) of the Income-tax Act says that if a business pays a micro or small supplier late, it can claim the expense as a deduction only in the year it actually pays. For buyers, that turns late payment into a tax cost.

For suppliers

Suppliers should hold a valid Udyam registration, state payment terms on invoices, and can file delayed-payment cases through the MSME Samadhaan portal.

Sources and references

  1. Ministry of MSME — MSME Samadhaan
  2. Income Tax Department

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How green bonds work, and why India’s government issues them

Green bonds raise money for projects with environmental benefits. India began issuing sovereign green bonds in 2023.

A green bond is an ordinary bond with one difference: the money raised must be spent on eligible environmental projects such as renewable energy, clean transport or energy efficiency, and the issuer reports on how it was used.

India’s programme

The Government of India issued its first sovereign green bonds in January 2023 under a framework that lists eligible spending, including solar and wind, electric mobility and afforestation, and excludes categories such as fossil-fuel projects.

For companies

Indian companies and banks also issue green and sustainability-linked bonds, in India and abroad. Investors look for clear frameworks, independent review and regular impact reports to guard against greenwashing.

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What PM Gati Shakti is designed to do

A digital master plan that puts the infrastructure projects of many ministries on one map, to cut delays and logistics costs.

PM Gati Shakti, launched in October 2021, is a national master plan for multimodal connectivity. Its core is a GIS-based digital platform that brings together data from central ministries and state governments: roads, railways, ports, airports, pipelines, power lines, telecom networks and economic zones.

The problem it tackles

Infrastructure projects in India have often been planned in silos. A new road might be dug up for a pipeline months later, or a port might lack a rail connection. Shared planning data is meant to catch these conflicts early.

How it is used

Project proposals above a size threshold are examined by a network planning group drawn from several ministries before approval. States use the platform for their own plans, and the government links it with the National Logistics Policy, which aims to bring down logistics costs.

What businesses should watch

For companies, the plan’s value lies in predictability: clearer information about where corridors, terminals and industrial clusters are coming up, and fewer delays in approvals and land.

Sources and references

  1. PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan

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How an IPO works in India, from draft prospectus to listing

Filing, review, price band, bidding, allotment and listing: the steps a company follows to go public.

An initial public offering is the first sale of a company’s shares to the public. In India the process is governed by SEBI’s issue-of-capital regulations and managed by merchant bankers who act as book-running lead managers.

The steps

  • Draft red herring prospectus (DRHP): filed with SEBI and made public. It discloses the business, risks, financials, use of proceeds and the shareholders selling.
  • SEBI observations: the regulator reviews the draft and may ask for changes.
  • Red herring prospectus and price band: the company sets a price range and opens bidding, usually for three working days.
  • Bidding: investors apply through their bank or broker using ASBA or UPI. Portions are reserved for qualified institutional buyers, non-institutional investors and retail investors.
  • Allotment and listing: since December 2023, listing must take place within three working days of the issue closing.

Read the risk factors and the use of proceeds before investing. A large offer for sale means existing shareholders are selling; a fresh issue raises money for the company.

Sources and references

  1. SEBI — Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements

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From repo rate to EMI: how RBI decisions reach borrowers

The Monetary Policy Committee sets the repo rate. External benchmarks now pass changes on to many retail loans faster than before.

The repo rate is the interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term money to banks. It is set by the six-member Monetary Policy Committee, which has three members from the RBI and three external members appointed by the government, and meets at least four times a year.

Why it matters

The repo rate anchors the cost of money across the economy. When it rises, banks’ own borrowing costs rise, and they generally raise lending rates; when it falls, loans tend to become cheaper.

The external benchmark

Since October 2019, banks have been required to link new floating-rate retail loans, such as most home loans, and loans to micro and small enterprises to an external benchmark, which for most banks is the repo rate. Changes are passed on at the reset dates specified in the loan agreement, typically at least once every three months.

What borrowers see

When rates change, banks usually adjust the tenure of a home loan rather than the EMI, unless the borrower asks otherwise. Borrowers can check their benchmark, spread and reset dates in their loan documents.

Sources and references

  1. Reserve Bank of India — Monetary Policy

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MakeMyTrip buys majority stake in Quick Ride to enter ride pooling

The travel platform moves into daily commutes, adding the Bengaluru car-pooling app to a ground-transport stable that includes redBus and Savaari.

MakeMyTrip buys majority stake in Quick Ride to enter ride pooling
Deal Spotlight graphic · Business World

MakeMyTrip, the Nasdaq-listed online travel company, has acquired a majority stake in Bengaluru-based ride-pooling platform Quick Ride. Neither the size of the stake nor the price was disclosed.

Quick Ride’s brand and ride-pooling business have been moved into a newly formed company, Co Ride Mobility Private Limited, in which MakeMyTrip now holds the majority. Quick Ride’s promoters, led by founder KNM Rao, will continue to run the business. Its earlier electric-taxi operation stays with the original company, iDisha Info Labs.

What Quick Ride does

The app matches commuters travelling in the same direction so they can share car and bike rides. It operates in Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune, Kochi, Delhi NCR, Mumbai and Kolkata, and sells shared-mobility programmes to employers including Wipro, TCS, Infosys, IBM and Cognizant. The company had raised more than US$14 million from investors including Sequoia, Prosus and Venture Highway.

Why MakeMyTrip wants it

“Ride pooling gives us a presence in high-frequency daily commutes within cities, as well as intercity travel,” said Rajesh Magow, MakeMyTrip’s group chief executive. The company said it will draw on its experience scaling redBus to grow Quick Ride, which joins Savaari car rentals, Happay and Flamingo Transworld in its wider portfolio.

Sources and references

  1. Inc42 — MakeMyTrip acquires majority stake in Quick Ride to enter ride pooling
  2. YourStory — MakeMyTrip enters shared mobility space with majority stake in Quick Ride

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Venture Studio Capital reports advisory involvement in NIIF’s US$15 million NU Hospitals investment

The July 2026 investment supports expansion and operational growth at a specialist healthcare provider.

Venture Studio Capital reports advisory involvement in NIIF’s US$15 million NU Hospitals investment
Representative image · Photo: Unsplash

Venture Studio Capital reports an advisory and deal syndication association with NIIF’s US$15 million investment in NU Hospitals Private Limited. The transaction supports the Bengaluru-based provider’s expansion in specialised healthcare, bringing institutional growth capital to a business focused on nephrology, urology and renal transplant services.

The investment

NIIF invested through Private Markets Fund II in July 2026. The US$15 million investment, approximately ₹132 crore, is intended to fund the next phase of expansion, strengthen operational capabilities and improve access to specialised healthcare in new markets.

Established in 1999, NU Hospitals provides nephrology, urology, kidney transplantation, dialysis, fertility care and robotic-assisted surgery. Its facilities across Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and the Maldives combine specialist clinical services with an emphasis on medical education and research.

Advisers

Veda Corporate Advisors served as exclusive financial adviser to NU Hospitals and its shareholders. Its responsibilities included investor identification, strategic positioning, transaction structuring and negotiation of key commercial terms through closure. The investment was VedaCorp’s 11th healthcare and life sciences transaction within a 12-month period.

Lakshmikumaran & Sridharan Attorneys advised NU Hospitals, its promoters and select selling shareholders. Its work included structuring, legal due diligence support, definitive agreements and assistance through signing and closing. The team included Gaurav Dayal, Sushrut Biswal, Rohan Verma, Saurabh Raman and Sukoon Dinodia.

NIIF is India’s sovereign-anchored alternative asset manager, supported by the Government of India and institutional investors. VSC’s reported advisory and syndication association is based on company-provided information. The source does not independently establish its specific mandate or responsibilities.

Note

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Venture Studio Capital highlights syndication role in ₹3,000 crore Prestige Hospitality investment

The proposed investment combines fresh equity and a secondary share purchase, with competition approval received in October 2026.

Venture Studio Capital highlights syndication role in ₹3,000 crore Prestige Hospitality investment
Representative image · Photo: Unsplash

Venture Studio Capital reports financial advisory and syndication involvement in CPP Investments’ proposed ₹3,000 crore investment in Prestige Hospitality Ventures Limited. The transaction brings together fresh capital for hotel development and a secondary share purchase, aligning investment in the operating platform with a change in its ownership structure.

Approval

The proposal was announced on 29 September 2026. On 6 October, the Competition Commission of India approved the proposed acquisition by CPP Investment Board Private Holdings (4) Inc. The clearance is a regulatory milestone, with closing remaining subject to applicable transaction conditions.

Prestige Hospitality Ventures owns and develops luxury and premium hotel assets. Its development pipeline spans Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad and Mumbai. The proposed partnership marks CPP Investments’ first direct investment in India’s hospitality sector.

Advisers

Trilegal represented CPP Investments, with partner Sai Krishna Bharathan leading the team. Its work covered transaction documents, due diligence, regulatory filings and negotiations. Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas advised Prestige Estates Projects and Prestige Hospitality Ventures, led by senior partner Reeba Chacko and partner KZ Kuriyan.

Primary and secondary capital

The primary and secondary components serve separate transaction purposes. Fresh equity supports the hospitality platform’s continued development, while the secondary component transfers shares held by the parent. Together, they establish the proposed entry terms for a large institutional investor into the hotel business.

VSC’s stated association reflects its focus on institutional investor engagement, fundraising strategy, financial advisory and syndication. Its involvement is attributed to information supplied by VSC and has not been independently verified through the public announcements cited in the source.

Note

Venture Studio Capital’s role is based on information supplied by the company.

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Venture Studio Capital deal spotlight on Balrampur’s ₹450 crore industrial expansion fundraise

Promoter and institutional subscriptions support PLA machinery, gypsum processing and general corporate purposes.

Venture Studio Capital deal spotlight on Balrampur’s ₹450 crore industrial expansion fundraise
Representative image · Photo: Unsplash

Venture Studio Capital’s deal spotlight on Balrampur Chini Mills Limited centres on a completed equity raise and the industrial programme it will support. The approximately ₹450 crore preferential allotment brings together promoters and institutional investors, with identified allocations for polylactic acid production, gypsum processing and general corporate purposes.

Who subscribed

The completed issue comprised approximately 93.17 lakh equity shares priced at ₹483 each, with participation from 11 allottees. Promoters and promoter-group investors subscribed approximately ₹193 crore. TATA Small Cap Fund invested around ₹100 crore, while 360 ONE PIPE Fund subscribed approximately ₹88 crore.

The other participants were IKIGAI Emerging Equity Fund, three ICICI Prudential schemes and two Alchemy fund series. The financing therefore combined capital from the promoter group with subscriptions across several institutional investment vehicles.

PLA and gypsum

The gypsum facility is intended to convert lactogypsum generated during PLA production into gypsum boards. This creates a potential commercial outlet for the by-product and links the processing investment with the company’s PLA manufacturing programme.

The fundraise sets out both the sources of capital and the intended investment priorities. Promoter participation sits alongside institutional subscriptions, while the largest allocation goes to PLA plant and machinery. The separate gypsum allocation connects by-product processing with the broader manufacturing programme.

The allocation sets out how the preferential issue supports Balrampur’s industrial expansion during FY 2026–2027. The Venture Studio Capital deal spotlight brings together the issue terms, investor participation and planned deployment of proceeds.

Note

Venture Studio Capital’s role is based on information supplied by the company.

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Venture Studio Capital highlights advisory role in ₹1,600 crore Baby Memorial–Star Hospitals acquisition

A majority acquisition extends the KKR-backed hospital group’s southern India network, with VSC reporting financial advisory and syndication involvement.

Venture Studio Capital highlights advisory role in ₹1,600 crore Baby Memorial–Star Hospitals acquisition
Representative image · Photo: Unsplash

Venture Studio Capital has identified itself as a Financial Advisory & Deal Syndication Partner in Baby Memorial Hospital’s majority acquisition of Unimed Health Care Private Limited, the operator of Star Hospitals. The transaction connects institutional backing with an established Hyderabad healthcare business and advances Baby Memorial’s expansion across southern India.

Approval and structure

The Competition Commission of India approved the structure on 17 March 2026. Bentley Asia Holdings II Pte. Ltd., an entity associated with KKR-managed or advised funds, was to increase its fully diluted holding in Baby Memorial from 73.08% to approximately 82%. Baby Memorial would use most of the additional capital to acquire 60.52% of Unimed Health Care through a secondary share purchase.

Deal value

AZB & Partners disclosed a transaction value of approximately ₹1,600 crore. Media reports dated 15 April 2026 separately cited approximately ₹1,800 crore. The two figures come from different accounts of the transaction.

Star Hospitals

Star Hospitals operates multispecialty facilities in Banjara Hills and Nanakramguda. Its services include cardiology, oncology, neurology, orthopaedics, nephrology, gastroenterology and critical care. The acquisition adds a Telangana presence to Baby Memorial’s operations across Kerala and Tamil Nadu. KKR acquired control of Baby Memorial in July 2024, and the group subsequently pursued expansion including the acquisition of Meitra Hospital.

The acquisition places existing clinical teams, hospital infrastructure and local patient relationships within a broader regional network. For Baby Memorial, the Telangana footprint complements operations in Kerala and Tamil Nadu and continues the geographical expansion pursued since KKR acquired a controlling interest.

VSC’s stated participation reflects its focus on institutional fundraising, debt and equity syndication, investor engagement and transaction support. Its role is based on company-provided information, and the specific mandate has not been independently established through the public disclosures cited in the source.

Note

Venture Studio Capital’s role is based on information supplied by the company.

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Fairfax wins 60.72% of IDBI Bank in ₹52,878 crore deal

The Canadian investor’s purchase from the government and LIC is the largest foreign investment in India’s financial services sector. Regulatory approvals are still pending.

Fairfax wins 60.72% of IDBI Bank in ₹52,878 crore deal
Deal Spotlight graphic · Business World

The Government of India has selected Canada’s Fairfax Financial Holdings as the strategic buyer for a 60.72% stake in IDBI Bank. The ₹52,878 crore transaction, about US$5.6 billion, is the largest foreign investment yet in India’s financial services sector.

The shares are being sold by the government and Life Insurance Corporation of India, which will together keep about 34% of the lender. Fairfax was named on 14 October 2026.

Price and valuation

According to Bloomberg, the deal values IDBI Bank at about ₹87,100 crore and was struck at an 11% discount to the bank’s closing share price of ₹90.40 on the day it was announced. Two independent valuers appointed by the government had put the average value at ₹75.99 per share. An earlier Fairfax bid had fallen short of the government’s reserve price.

Conditions and timing

The sale is subject to regulatory approvals and customary conditions, and is expected to take six to nine months to complete. Fairfax must merge or exit its 40% stake in CSB Bank within two years of signing the share purchase agreement. On 12 November, reports said Fairfax plans to sell its roughly 11% holding in IIFL Finance, worth about ₹3,000 crore, to help fund the purchase.

Why it matters

IDBI Bank has recovered from a heavy bad-loan burden and returned to profit. The sale advances the government’s plan to cut state ownership in banking and to raise ₹80,000 crore from asset sales this financial year. Venture Intelligence data show the deal made up about 70% of the US$8.02 billion of private equity and venture capital invested in India in October 2026, the highest monthly total in more than four years.

Sources and references

  1. Insurance Journal (Bloomberg) — Fairfax buying majority stake in IDBI Bank
  2. Entrepreneur India — India PE-VC investments hit USD 8.02 bn in October
  3. News Karnataka — Fairfax to sell IIFL Finance stake for IDBI Bank deal

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Brookfield buys ESR India’s 10.5 million sq ft logistics portfolio for about ₹4,300 crore

Eight Grade A parks, about 98% leased, give Brookfield an immediate foothold in Indian warehousing.

Brookfield buys ESR India’s 10.5 million sq ft logistics portfolio for about ₹4,300 crore
Deal Spotlight graphic · Business World

Brookfield has acquired a 100% interest in a 10.5 million sq ft industrial and logistics portfolio from ESR India. The eight Grade A parks cover about 400 acres. The deal is valued at about ₹4,300 crore (around US$450 million), a figure that covers both the acquisition and future development; the purchase price was not disclosed separately.

Deal trackers put the value at US$444 million and name ESR Group and Allianz Real Estate as the sellers. ESR will continue to manage the parks in the near term.

The portfolio

The parks sit in six metropolitan clusters, including Mumbai, Pune, Delhi-NCR, Chennai and Kolkata, along major industrial and freight corridors. About 98% of the operating space is leased to warehouses, fulfilment centres and light manufacturers.

Why Brookfield is buying

Brookfield’s Indian real estate holdings, valued at more than US$13 billion, have so far centred on offices and hotels. Buying a leased, operating portfolio gives it an instant presence in logistics instead of building a platform from scratch. Demand is strong: industrial and logistics leasing reached 36.8 million sq ft in the first half of 2026, up 15% year on year, helped by manufacturing, third-party logistics and e-commerce.

Sources and references

  1. The Realty Today — Brookfield acquires ESR India’s logistics portfolio for Rs 4,300 crore
  2. M&A Community — India M&A weekly: Brookfield–ESR $444m warehouse deal

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Sumitomo takes 49% of Hero Future Energies’ 500 MW Karnataka hybrid project

The solar-wind project in Bidar comes with 200 MWh of battery storage and a 25-year power purchase agreement with SJVN.

Sumitomo takes 49% of Hero Future Energies’ 500 MW Karnataka hybrid project
Deal Spotlight graphic · Business World

Japan’s Sumitomo Corporation will acquire a 49% stake in Clean Solar Power (Baniyana), the company developing a 500 MW solar and wind project in Bidar, Karnataka. Hero Solar Energy, a wholly owned subsidiary of Hero Future Energies, keeps the remaining 51%. The investment amount was not disclosed.

The project

The hybrid plant pairs 500 MW of solar and wind capacity with a co-located 200 MWh battery energy storage system. Its output will be sold to state-owned SJVN under a 25-year power purchase agreement, with surplus power traded on the energy exchange. Commercial operations are expected to begin in March 2027.

Why it matters

Round-the-clock and storage-backed renewable projects are becoming central to India’s clean-power build-out, because they can supply power when the sun is down or the wind is weak. The partnership brings a large Japanese trading house into one such project alongside an established Indian developer.

Sources and references

  1. Mercom India — Sumitomo Corporation to invest in Hero Group’s 500 MW renewables project
  2. Sumitomo Corporation — press release, 5 October 2026

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Marico lifts stake in Plix parent to 84.09% with ₹1,012 crore purchase

The all-cash deal moves the consumer goods company closer to full ownership of the plant-based nutrition brand, with a final tranche due in July 2027.

Marico lifts stake in Plix parent to 84.09% with ₹1,012 crore purchase
Deal Spotlight graphic · Business World

Marico has acquired a further 24.09% of Satiya Nutraceuticals, the parent of nutrition and wellness brand Plix, for ₹1,012.03 crore in an all-cash deal. The purchase, disclosed on 5 October 2026, lifts Marico’s holding to 84.09%.

Path to full ownership

The tranche is part of an agreement to buy 38.18% in total from Plix’s founders and certain other shareholders. Marico plans to buy the remaining 14.09% in July 2027 for a base consideration of up to ₹592 crore, plus payments linked to performance milestones. Marico first invested in the company in July 2023.

The business

Founded in 2020 and based in Mumbai, Plix sells plant-based nutrition and personal care products online, including supplements and skincare. Satiya Nutraceuticals’ consolidated revenue nearly doubled to ₹864.31 crore in FY26, from ₹432.84 crore a year earlier.

Marico says the investment widens its reach in value-added foods and nutrition and strengthens its presence in personal care and wellness, part of its push into faster-growing consumer categories.

Sources and references

  1. Inc42 — Marico acquires additional stake in Plix for ₹1,012 Cr
  2. Arthneeti — Marico Regulation 30 announcement, 5 October 2026

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ITC Infotech to merge with Happiest Minds after ₹1,330 crore promoter stake buy

The combined company targets US$1 billion in revenue by FY28 and would be India’s 11th-largest listed IT services firm.

ITC Infotech to merge with Happiest Minds after ₹1,330 crore promoter stake buy
Deal Spotlight graphic · Business World

ITC Infotech, a wholly owned subsidiary of ITC Ltd, will buy 22.106% of Bengaluru-based Happiest Minds Technologies from promoter Ashok Soota and Ashok Soota Medical Research for about ₹1,330 crore, and then merge Happiest Minds into itself.

How the deal works

The stake is being bought in two tranches: 11% at ₹390 a share and 11.106% at ₹400 a share. In the merger, Happiest Minds shareholders will receive 25 ITC Infotech shares of ₹10 each for every 81 Happiest Minds shares of ₹2 each. ITC Ltd will become promoter of the combined company with 73.4%, while Happiest Minds’ current promoters will be reclassified as public shareholders with 7.6%. ITC Infotech is proposed to list on the BSE and NSE once the merger takes effect.

The combined company

Happiest Minds reported consolidated revenue of ₹2,315.11 crore in FY26 and ITC Infotech ₹4,718 crore, a combined ₹7,033 crore. That would make the merged group India’s 11th-largest listed IT services company, with more than 19,000 employees. The companies are aiming for US$1 billion in revenue by FY28 as an “AI-first” services business, expanding in hi-tech, healthcare and education technology.

The share-swap ratio has been approved by the boards; the transaction still requires shareholder and regulatory approvals.

Sources and references

  1. YourStory — ITC Infotech to merge with Happiest Minds, buy 22% promoter stake for Rs 1,330 Cr
  2. Business Today — ITC, Happiest Minds shares in focus after merger announcement

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On capital

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RERA explained: what the real estate law requires of developers

The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 changed how homes are sold. Here are the obligations it places on builders.

The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016, known as RERA, set up regulatory authorities in each state to oversee residential and commercial projects and to protect buyers.

Key obligations

  • Projects above a size threshold (land over 500 square metres or more than eight apartments) must be registered with the state authority before they are advertised or sold.
  • Seventy per cent of the money collected from buyers must be kept in a separate bank account and used only for the land and construction costs of that project.
  • Apartments must be sold on carpet area, a defined measure of usable space.
  • Project details, approvals and progress must be published on the authority’s website.
  • Developers are liable for structural defects reported within five years of possession.

For buyers

Check the project’s registration number on the state RERA website before booking, and note the committed completion date. Complaints go to the state authority, and appeals to the appellate tribunal.

Sources and references

  1. Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016

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How Business World reports, verifies and publishes, and the standards we hold ourselves to.

Business World is an independent digital publication. This policy explains how our journalists and editors work, what readers can expect from us, and how we keep ourselves accountable. It applies to everything we publish: news reports, analysis, interviews, sector reports, newsletters and social media posts.

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Editorial decisions are made by our editors alone. Advertisers, sponsors, investors and the publisher’s other business interests do not decide what we cover, how we cover it, or what we leave out. Where a story involves a company or person connected to our publisher, we say so in the story.

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Business World is an India-first publication with international standards. Around seven in ten of the stories we plan are about India and the developments that affect Indian readers, businesses and institutions; the remainder covers the most important international developments in their own right, not only where they touch India. Our sector coverage gives sustained attention to industries central to India’s economy, including those, such as sugar and MSMEs, that receive less national attention.

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Last reviewed: 10 November 2026

How to read a company’s quarterly results

Listed companies report every quarter. Knowing where to look in the filing separates a headline number from the real story.

Under SEBI’s listing rules, companies listed on Indian stock exchanges publish financial results for each quarter, generally within 45 days of its end, and audited annual results within 60 days of the financial year’s close. The filings appear on the BSE and NSE websites, usually alongside a press release and an investor presentation.

Start with revenue

Revenue from operations shows whether the business is growing. Compare it with the same quarter a year earlier, since many businesses are seasonal.

Then margins

Operating profit (often reported as EBITDA in presentations, though it is not a defined accounting term) divided by revenue gives the operating margin. A falling margin with rising revenue may mean costs are rising faster than prices.

Watch for one-offs

Exceptional items such as gains from selling a business, write-downs or legal settlements can swing net profit sharply. The notes to the accounts explain them.

Consolidated or standalone

Groups report standalone results for the parent company and consolidated results including subsidiaries. For most groups, consolidated results give the fuller picture.

Sources and references

  1. SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015
  2. BSE corporate filings
  3. NSE corporate filings

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About Business World

Independent journalism on corporate India, finance, capital and growth.

Business World is an independent business publication covering corporate India, finance, capital markets, infrastructure, industry and entrepreneurship, along with the international business developments that shape them.

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Business owners, executives, investors, entrepreneurs and finance professionals who need accurate information and clear analysis to make decisions.

What we cover

Daily corporate and financial news, sector coverage from banking to manufacturing, and dedicated beats that others overlook, including India’s sugar economy and the MSME sector. About seven in ten of our stories focus on Indian business; the rest track global companies, markets and trade.

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  • Every figure has a source, and market-moving stories cite the filing or document they are based on.
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What monthly GST collections do — and don’t — tell us about the economy

Gross GST revenue is published every month and widely read as a pulse of consumption. Rate changes, refunds and timing make it a noisy signal.

The Goods and Services Tax, introduced in July 2017, replaced a web of central and state indirect taxes. The government publishes collection figures monthly, and headlines often treat them as a quick read on the economy.

Why the signal is noisy

  • Changes to tax rates alter revenue even if spending is unchanged.
  • Refunds to exporters and others are paid out irregularly; gross and net numbers can diverge.
  • Inflation raises collections in money terms without any rise in real activity.
  • Better compliance and invoicing rules raise collections from the same level of business.

Used alongside other indicators, such as e-way bills, industrial output and company results, GST data remains useful. On its own, it is easy to over-read.

Sources and references

  1. GST Council

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What India’s recent trade agreements cover

Agreements with the UAE, Australia, the EFTA countries and the United Kingdom go beyond tariffs. A guide to what such deals usually contain.

India has signed a series of trade agreements in recent years, including a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with the United Arab Emirates and an Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement with Australia in 2022, a Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Free Trade Association countries in 2024, and a trade agreement with the United Kingdom in 2025.

What these agreements usually include

  • Tariffs: phased reductions or removal of import duties on agreed products, with sensitive items such as some farm and dairy goods often excluded.
  • Rules of origin: conditions a product must meet to count as made in a partner country and qualify for lower duties.
  • Services and mobility: commitments on market access for service providers and temporary movement of professionals.
  • Investment: in some cases, commitments to promote investment flows.

For exporters

Benefits are not automatic. Exporters must obtain a certificate of origin and meet the rules of origin for each shipment.

Sources and references

  1. Department of Commerce — Trade agreements

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What DPIIT recognition means for a startup

Recognition under the Startup India programme unlocks tax, compliance and intellectual-property benefits. Here is who qualifies.

The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade recognises startups under the Startup India programme. Recognition is free and done online.

Who qualifies

  • A private limited company, registered partnership firm or limited liability partnership.
  • Up to ten years from the date of incorporation.
  • Annual turnover not exceeding ₹100 crore in any financial year since incorporation.
  • Working towards innovation or improvement of products, processes or services, or a scalable business model with potential for employment or wealth creation.

Benefits

  • Eligibility to apply for an income-tax holiday for three consecutive years out of the first ten, subject to separate certification.
  • Self-certification under certain labour and environmental laws.
  • Faster patent examination and reduced fees for patents, trademarks and designs.
  • Easier access to some government procurement and the government’s fund of funds for startups.

Sources and references

  1. Startup India

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How sugarcane pricing works: FRP, SAP and the mills in between

The price mills pay farmers is set by government, while sugar prices move with the market. That gap explains much about the industry's finances.

India is one of the world’s largest producers and consumers of sugar, and sugarcane supports millions of farming households, especially in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka.

The Fair and Remunerative Price

Each season the central government fixes the Fair and Remunerative Price, the minimum price mills must pay for cane, on the recommendation of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices. It is linked to a basic sugar recovery rate, with a premium for higher recovery.

State Advised Price

Some states, including Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana, announce their own State Advised Price above the FRP. Mills in those states must pay the higher price.

Why arrears happen

Cane prices are fixed by government, but mill revenue depends on sugar prices, export opportunities and by-products. When sugar prices are weak relative to cane costs, mills struggle to pay farmers on time, and cane arrears become a political issue.

The ethanol link

Under the ethanol blending programme, mills can convert cane juice, syrup and molasses into ethanol for blending with petrol. Ethanol sales have become an important source of cash flow, and policy on how much sugar can be diverted now shapes both sugar supply and mill finances.

Sources and references

  1. Department of Food and Public Distribution — Sugar
  2. Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices

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Analysis: India as the ‘pharmacy of the world’ — strengths and dependencies

India supplies a large share of the world's generic medicines. Its reliance on imported ingredients is the vulnerability policy is trying to fix.

India’s pharmaceutical industry has built a global reputation on generic medicines: off-patent drugs made to the same standard as the original at a fraction of the price. Indian companies supply large volumes to the United States, Africa and other markets, and India is a major producer of vaccines.

The dependency

The finished medicines may be made in India, but many of the active pharmaceutical ingredients and the chemical intermediates used to make them are imported. Supply disruptions during the pandemic exposed how concentrated that supply chain had become.

The policy response

The government introduced production-linked incentive schemes for bulk drugs and for pharmaceutical manufacturing, along with bulk drug parks, to encourage domestic production of key ingredients.

What will decide success

API manufacturing is capital-intensive and competes on scale and cost. Its success will depend on reliable utilities, faster environmental clearances, and quality standards that keep pace with the expectations of international regulators.

Sources and references

  1. Department of Pharmaceuticals

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Mergers and acquisitions: when does a deal need CCI approval?

Large deals must be notified to the Competition Commission of India before they close. A newer test now catches high-value acquisitions of smaller businesses.

Under the Competition Act, 2002, acquisitions, mergers and amalgamations above certain size thresholds are known as combinations and must be approved by the Competition Commission of India before they are completed.

The tests

Traditionally, the thresholds are based on the assets and turnover of the parties in India and worldwide. Amendments made in 2023 added a deal-value test: a transaction worth more than ₹2,000 crore must be notified if the target has substantial business operations in India, even if its assets and turnover are small. This was aimed at acquisitions of digital and technology businesses.

Exemptions and timelines

Small targets may be exempt under the de minimis rule, and certain categories of transactions are exempt by regulation. The CCI forms a first view and, if needed, opens a detailed investigation; most deals are approved without changes.

Sources and references

  1. Competition Commission of India — Combinations

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